Generic name: Acetazolamide
Brand name:
AZAM ( Ethical)
EVAMOX ( Donovalley)
SETACAR ( Remington)
Class: Diuretics; Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Dosage form: Tab 250mg
Indication and dose:
By mouth
Adults: Initially 250-375 mg once daily in the morning or on
alternate days.
Pre-mature edema
Adult: 125-375mg as a single daily dose beginning 5-10 days
before menstruation
Epilepsy
Adult: 250-100mg daily in divided doses
Children: Infants, ½ tab daily; ½,3 tabs daily in divided
doses; or 8 to 30 mg mg/kg/day in divided doses.
Contraindications:
Pregnancy, Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, severe renal
disease, severe hepatic disease, electrolyte imbalances ( hyponatremia,
hypokalemia ) hyperchloremic acidosis, Addison’s disease, long term use in
narrow-angle glaucoma
Precautions: Hypercalciuria, Breastfeeding, and old age. Use
with caution.
Side effects:
CNS: anxiety, confusion, depression, dizziness,
drowsiness, fatigue, headache, nervousness, paresthesia, sedation, seizures,
stimulation
EENT: Myopia, tinnitus
GI: Anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, hepatic,
insufficiency, melena, nausea, taste alterations, vomiting, weight loss
GU: Crystalluria, glucosuria, hypokalemia, polyuria, renal
calculi, uremia
HEMS: Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia,
leukopenia, pancytopenia, purpura, thrombocytopenia
METAB: Hyperglycemia
SKIN: Fever, photosensitivity, pruritis, rash,
Steven-s-Johnson syndrome, urticarial
MISC: loss of taste of carbonated beverages
Interactions:
Drugs:
Cyclosporine: increased through cyclosporine levels with
potential for neurotoxicity and nephropathy
Flecainide, quinidine: Alkalization of urine increases
duindine serum levels.
Methamine compounds: Alkalinization of urine decrease
antibacterial effects
Phenytoin: Increased risk of osteomalacia
Primidone: Decreased primidone levels
Salicylates: increased serum levels of acetazolamide CNS
toxicity
